1) Vocabulary: Maten = empty, fruitless, vain, useless.

2) Rejection of God at God-consciousness = the path of empty thinking;
    Romans 1:21 and compare 1 Peter 1:18 and Ephesians 4:17.

3) Apart from Bible Doctrine applied is vain, empty religion:

    a.  Matthew 15:1-9; Vain, empty worship = man’s doctrine.
    b.  1 Timothy 1:3-7; Vain, empty religion = non-dispensational
         teaching.  Also: Titus 1:10-14 and 3:9.
    c.  1 Corinthians 3:19-23; Vain, empty religion = focus on
         communicators.
    d.  James 1:26; Vain, empty religion and sins of the tongue.

4) The vanity premise of Ecclesiastes 1-6.